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Prediabetes treatment in India: where do GLP‑1s fit?

The prediabetes range and symptoms, India's own prevention trial, and what the semaglutide and tirzepatide trials show, harms included.

GLP Guidebook teamPublished 5 Oct 202614 min read32 sourcesWritten from published sources

Written for India. Reading from the US? US versionComing soon

The short answer

Prediabetes is blood sugar above normal but below diabetes. By the ADA's range, that is an HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4%, or a fasting sugar of 100 to 125 mg/dL. It rarely causes symptoms. About 15% of Indian adults have it by WHO criteria. Guidelines put lifestyle change first and metformin second. No GLP‑1 medicine is approved for prediabetes alone.

Key takeaways

  • No GLP‑1 medicine is approved for prediabetes on its own; the EU Wegovy and Mounjaro labels count prediabetes as one reason to use them at a BMI of 27 to 30.14,15
  • The ADA's prediabetes range is an HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4%, a fasting sugar of 100 to 125 mg/dL, or 140 to 199 mg/dL on a 2-hour glucose test.1
  • In the ICMR-INDIAB survey, 15.3% of 107,119 Indian adults tested had prediabetes; in a Chennai study, 58.9% of people with prediabetes developed diabetes within about 9 years.4,6
  • In India's diabetes prevention trial (IDPP-1), lifestyle advice or metformin cut the 3-year diabetes rate from 55.0% to about 40%, and combining them added nothing.7
  • In SURMOUNT-1, 1.3% on tirzepatide developed diabetes over about 3 years vs 13.3% on a dummy injection, and stomach side effects were the most common harm.22
Before you go further
  • GLP‑1 medicines are prescription-only in India. A government statement on 1 Apr 2026 said only endocrinologists, internal-medicine specialists and cardiologists can prescribe them.26 CDSCO expert-committee minutes attach a similar condition to some approvals (endocrinologist or internal-medicine specialist), but we found no rule covering every brand.27
  • The trial results below are group averages. They are not a promise of what happens to any one person.
  • Every benefit below comes with harms. See Guide 5, Side effects and risks.
On this page
  1. What blood sugar range counts as prediabetes?
  2. Does prediabetes have symptoms?
  3. How common is prediabetes in India, and how often does it become diabetes?
  4. What did India's own prevention trial find?
  5. What do guidelines say about medicines for prediabetes?
  6. Are GLP-1 medicines approved for prediabetes?
  7. What did trials find in people with prediabetes?
  8. What happens to blood sugar after stopping?
  9. So where do GLP-1 medicines fit?
  10. Questions people ask
  11. How we researched this
  12. Sources

What blood sugar range counts as prediabetes?

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) counts an HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4% as prediabetes. A fasting sugar of 100 to 125 mg/dL also counts. So does 140 to 199 mg/dL two hours after a glucose drink.1

HbA1c is a blood test that shows your average sugar over the past 2 to 3 months.32 Fasting means nothing with calories for at least 8 hours.1 The 2-hour test is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): a 75 g glucose drink, then a blood test.1

TestBelow prediabetesPrediabetesDiabetes
HbA1cunder 5.7%5.7% to 6.4%6.5% or more
Fasting sugarunder 100 mg/dL100 to 125 mg/dL126 mg/dL or more
2 hours after 75 g glucoseunder 140 mg/dL140 to 199 mg/dL200 mg/dL or more

ADA Standards of Care 2026, Tables 2.1 and 2.2.1 India's RSSDI-ESI guideline uses the same prediabetes ranges.3 Diabetes needs two abnormal results unless sugar is clearly very high.1

The WHO draws the fasting line differently. It starts the fasting range at 110 mg/dL, not 100.1 So a fasting sugar of 105 mg/dL is prediabetes by the ADA's count but not the WHO's. India's big ICMR-INDIAB survey used the WHO criteria.4

Risk doesn't jump at a line. The ADA says it rises steadily, and faster at the top of each range.1 It calls an HbA1c above 6.0%, or high fasting and 2-hour results together, very high risk.1 For example, an HbA1c of 6.1% is prediabetes, and also in that very-high-risk group.1

RSSDI-ESI advises against HbA1c as the only screening test.3 It also says a fasting test alone is less sensitive in Indians than the 2-hour test.3 Our short answers on what blood sugar range is prediabetes and what a normal HbA1c is give the numbers alone. Our post on what your HbA1c number means explains the test.

Does prediabetes have symptoms?

Usually not. The US diabetes institute (NIDDK) says people with prediabetes usually have no symptoms. A blood test is how it is found.9

The US CDC says prediabetes can last for years with no clear symptoms.10 It often goes unnoticed until type 2 diabetes appears.10

Passing a lot of urine, great thirst and unexplained weight loss are the ADA's classic signs of high sugar.1 The ADA ties them to diabetes: with these signs, one random sugar of 200 mg/dL or more is enough to diagnose it. So they are a reason for a blood test, not a sign of prediabetes.1,9

One visible clue. Dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds, such as the neck, armpits or groin, is called acanthosis nigricans.11 It is linked to insulin resistance, and the ADA lists it as a reason to test.1,11

Who gets tested?

The ADA suggests testing adults of Asian ancestry with a BMI of 23 or more and one risk factor.1 Its risk factors include a parent, sibling or child with diabetes, high blood pressure, PCOS and inactivity.1 For everyone else, testing begins at 35, and people with prediabetes are retested yearly.1

India's RSSDI-ESI guideline recommends testing people who visit a clinic for other reasons. It also includes family members of people with diabetes.3

What the tests cost. On 5 Oct 2026, Thyrocare, Dr Lal PathLabs and Metropolis listed HbA1c at ₹420 to ₹640.30 A fasting sugar test was ₹80 to ₹90.30 An endocrinologist visit had a median listed fee of ₹1,100 across 59 doctors on Practo in 6 cities.31

How common is prediabetes in India, and how often does it become diabetes?

About 1 in 7 Indian adults had prediabetes in the ICMR-INDIAB survey. It covered 113,043 adults in 31 states and union territories; 15.3% of the 107,119 tested had prediabetes.4

News reports put that at 136 million people.5 In the same survey, 11.4% had diabetes.4 Diabetes was more common in cities, but prediabetes was not.4 In many less developed states, people with prediabetes outnumbered people with diabetes.4

15.3%of Indian adults had prediabetes (ICMR-INDIAB, WHO criteria)4
58.9%of people with prediabetes in Chennai had diabetes about 9 years later6
55.0%developed diabetes within 3 years in IDPP-1's no-treatment group7

Many go on to diabetes. In a Chennai study followed for a median of 9 years, 299 people with prediabetes were retested.6 Of them, 58.9% had developed diabetes.6 In the ADA's review, an HbA1c of 6.0% to 6.5% meant a 25% to 50% chance of diabetes in 5 years.1

Indian weight cut-offs are lower. India's 2009 consensus counts a BMI of 23 to 24.9 as overweight and 25 or more as obesity.29 People in India's prevention trial averaged a BMI of 25.8. The researchers described them as "younger, leaner and more insulin resistant" than in Western trials.7 Guide 1, Weight and health for Indians explains the cut-offs.

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What did India's own prevention trial find?

In India's prevention trial (IDPP-1), lifestyle advice and metformin each cut the 3-year diabetes rate from 55.0% to about 40%. Using both together added nothing.7

The trial included 531 Indians with impaired glucose tolerance (high 2-hour sugar), 421 of them men.7 Their average age was 46.7 They were split into 4 groups and followed for a median of 30 months.7

  • No treatment: 55.0% developed diabetes within 3 years.7
  • Lifestyle advice: 39.3%.7
  • Metformin: 40.5%.7
  • Both: 39.5%.7

About 1 case of diabetes was prevented for every 6 to 7 people treated.7 The ADA notes the IDPP lifestyle programme was less intensive than the US one.2

That US trial, the Diabetes Prevention Program, cut diabetes by 58% with lifestyle change and 31% with metformin.8 That was 4.8 and 7.8 cases per 100 people a year, vs 11.0 on dummy tablets.8 In it, every kilogram lost lowered the risk of diabetes by 16%.2

What do guidelines say about medicines for prediabetes?

Lifestyle change comes first. The ADA and India's RSSDI-ESI guideline both name metformin as the medicine. The ADA backs GLP‑1 medicines as weight treatment, not for prevention alone.2,3

The ADA (2026). It advises a programme aiming for 5% to 7% weight loss and 150 minutes of activity a week.2 It says metformin "should be considered" for people at high risk, especially those aged 25 to 59 with a BMI of 35 or more, higher fasting sugar (such as 110 or more) and higher HbA1c (such as 6.0% or more). It names women who had diabetes in pregnancy too.2

The ADA says semaglutide and tirzepatide lower diabetes rates in some groups.2 But it found "no long-term data" for any medicine other than metformin used "for the sole purpose" of preventing diabetes.2 It does say GLP‑1 medicines for weight management in people with overweight or obesity "should be considered".2

India's RSSDI-ESI guideline (2020). It asks overweight people with prediabetes to lose 5% to 10% of their weight. It also asks them to walk at least an hour a day.3 If 6 months of lifestyle change bring no benefit, it lists metformin 500 mg twice a day for some people.3 Acarbose or voglibose are its fallback, and its prediabetes advice does not mention GLP‑1 medicines.3

CDSCO. In April 2022, CDSCO's expert committee recommended approving USV's slow-release metformin for prediabetes.12 The use is for overweight adults at high risk. They must still be getting worse after 3 to 6 months of intensive lifestyle change.12 It said lifestyle change continues alongside the tablet.12

Metformin has harms too. Its US label lists diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, wind, weakness, indigestion and headache as the most common side effects.13 It can lower vitamin B12, and the ADA suggests checking B12 in long-term users.2,13 The label carries a boxed warning for lactic acidosis, a build-up of acid in the blood that has caused deaths. Kidney problems and age over 65 raise the risk.13

Are GLP-1 medicines approved for prediabetes?

Not on its own. The EU labels approve Wegovy (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) for weight, and count prediabetes as one weight-related condition.14,15

The EU Wegovy label covers adults with a BMI of 30 or more. It also covers a BMI of 27 to 30 with a weight-related condition.14 It names "dysglycaemia (prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus)" as one example.14 The EU Mounjaro label lists prediabetes in the same way.15

We could not find the Indian labels online. Endocrinologist Dr Ambrish Mithal told ThePrint that Wegovy and Mounjaro can be used from a BMI of 30. With other conditions, he said, the line is 27.16 The Endocrine Society of India's 2025 update says doctors may consider weight medicines above a BMI of 27. With a related condition, the line is 25.17 Its examples are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and sleep apnoea; prediabetes is not on that list.17

These are points at which a doctor may consider a medicine. They are not a test you pass. Our guide Should I consider a GLP‑1 medicine? covers who they are not for.

What about Ozempic? In India, Ozempic was launched for type 2 diabetes, in 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg strengths.28 The semaglutide trials below used 2.4 mg, the Wegovy dose, which is higher.18,20 Our answer to "Can you take Ozempic if you don't have diabetes?" covers this.

What did trials find in people with prediabetes?

While people kept taking semaglutide 2.4 mg or tirzepatide, most with prediabetes had normal blood sugar again. More stopped treatment because of side effects than on a dummy injection.18,19,20,21

Semaglutide acts like the body's GLP‑1 hormone. The EU Wegovy label says it cuts hunger and, when sugar is high, raises insulin and lowers glucagon.14 Tirzepatide also acts on a second hormone, GIP.15

Back to normal blood sugar, among people who started with prediabetes
Medicine vs dummy injection; both groups also had diet and activity advice
STEP 1, 68 wk84% semaglutide 2.4 mg48% dummy
STEP 10, 52 wk81% semaglutide 2.4 mg14% dummy
SURMOUNT-1, 72 wk95% tirzepatide 5–15 mg62% dummy
Share of people with prediabetes at the start who had normal blood sugar at the end of treatment. STEP 1: Perreault 2022 and the EU Wegovy label. STEP 10: McGowan 2024. SURMOUNT-1: EU Mounjaro label. Each trial defined "normal" its own way, so compare within a row. All three were funded by the makers.14,15,18,19

Semaglutide 2.4 mg (Wegovy). Across the STEP 1, 3 and 4 weight trials, 1,536 people started with prediabetes.18 In STEP 1, 84.1% of them had normal sugar after 68 weeks, vs 47.8% on a dummy injection.18 STEP 10 enrolled only people with obesity and prediabetes: 81% vs 14% were back to normal at 52 weeks.19

Tirzepatide (Mounjaro; Zepbound on the US weight label). SURMOUNT-1 followed 1,032 people with obesity and prediabetes on 5, 10 or 15 mg for 176 weeks, about 3.4 years.22 Of them, 1.3% developed type 2 diabetes, vs 13.3% on a dummy injection.22 That is about 12 fewer cases per 100 people.22 Weight fell by 12.3% to 19.7%, vs 1.3% on the dummy.22

Who was in these trials. STEP 10 ran in the UK, Canada, Denmark, Finland and Spain, and its people averaged a BMI of 40.19 SURMOUNT-1's people averaged a BMI of 38.21 That is far above India's obesity cut-off of 25.29 Our post on how much weight people lose on Ozempic or Mounjaro covers the weight results.

RisksThe risks, in brief
  • Stomach effects are very common. Feeling sick (nausea) and diarrhoea are "very common" (more than 1 in 10) on the EU Wegovy and Mounjaro labels.14,15 In STEP 1, 4.5% stopped because of them, vs 0.8% on a dummy injection.20
  • More people stop. In SURMOUNT-1's first 72 weeks, 4.3% to 7.1% stopped tirzepatide because of side effects, vs 2.6% on the dummy.21 In STEP 10, it was 6% vs 1%.19
  • Pancreatitis. "Uncommon" (1 in 100 to 1 in 1,000) on the EU Wegovy and Mounjaro labels.14,15
  • Gallstones. "Common" (1 in 10 to 1 in 100) on the EU Wegovy label. "Uncommon" (1 in 100 to 1 in 1,000) on the EU Mounjaro label.14,15
  • Dehydration can hurt the kidneys. The US labels report kidney injury, mostly after vomiting or diarrhoea dried people out.24,25
  • Thyroid warning. The US labels rule them out after medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in you or your family. MEN 2 rules them out too.24,25
  • Pregnancy. The EU labels say to stop before a planned pregnancy: semaglutide 2 months ahead, tirzepatide 1 month.14,15 The US Zepbound label says tirzepatide can make the pill less reliable. That lasts 4 weeks after starting and after each dose rise.25
Full detail in Guide 5: Side effects and risks → Pancreatitis and gallbladder risk →
Get help now: call 112. Severe stomach pain that won't go away, sometimes spreading to the back, can be a sign of pancreatitis. The EU Wegovy leaflet says to see a doctor immediately.14 See also When to call 112 on a GLP‑1 medicine.

What happens to blood sugar after stopping?

The gains faded. In STEP 1, people with prediabetes were followed after semaglutide stopped. Normal sugar fell from 93.6% to 43.3% within a year. On the dummy injection, it went from 41.5% to 34.0%.23

That exploratory follow-up covered 327 people from STEP 1 and judged sugar by HbA1c alone, so its 93.6% differs from the 84.1% above.23 A year after stopping, they had regained two-thirds of the weight they lost.23 Most heart and sugar measures drifted back towards where they started.23

In SURMOUNT-1, people were followed for 17 weeks after the last dose.22 Diabetes rose from 1.3% to 2.4% in the tirzepatide groups, vs 13.7% in the dummy group.22 Guide 9, Stopping and the long term covers what happens after stopping.

So where do GLP-1 medicines fit?

In the guidelines we read, lifestyle change comes first and metformin is the prediabetes medicine. GLP‑1 medicines enter as weight treatment, for people who also have overweight or obesity.2,3,17

The ADA says any early medicine has to be weighed against its side effects, burden and cost.2 It also says nobody yet knows whether treating sugar before diabetes improves long-term health.2 In the STEP 1 follow-up, most of the blood sugar gain was gone a year after stopping.23

In India's own trial, lifestyle advice alone took the 3-year diabetes rate from 55.0% to 39.3%.7 On the dummy injection in SURMOUNT-1, with diet and activity advice, 61.9% were back to normal sugar at 72 weeks.15 Guide 3, Your options sets lifestyle, medicines and surgery side by side. Orlistat vs GLP‑1 medicines compares an older pill. For costs, see Guide 6.

Questions people ask

Is a fasting sugar of 105 mg/dL prediabetes?

By the ADA's range of 100 to 125 mg/dL, yes, and India's RSSDI-ESI guideline uses the same range. The WHO starts the range at 110 mg/dL, so by its count, no.1,3

Is an HbA1c of 6.0% prediabetes?

Yes. The ADA's prediabetes range is 5.7% to 6.4%. It treats an HbA1c above 6.0% as very high risk.1

What are the symptoms of prediabetes?

Usually there are none, so it is found by a blood test. Dark, velvety skin in the neck or armpit folds (acanthosis nigricans) is linked to insulin resistance.9,11

Can prediabetes go back to normal?

Often, in trials. On a dummy injection plus diet and activity advice, 47.8% in STEP 1 were back to normal. In SURMOUNT-1 it was 61.9%.15,18,20

Is Ozempic used for prediabetes?

Ozempic was launched in India for type 2 diabetes. The labels we read don't approve any GLP-1 medicine for prediabetes alone. The prediabetes trials used semaglutide 2.4 mg, the Wegovy dose.14,18,28

Does metformin prevent diabetes in Indians?

In IDPP-1, 40.5% on metformin developed diabetes within 3 years, vs 55.0% with no treatment. Lifestyle advice did about as well, at 39.3%.7

How we researched this

On 5 and 5 October 2026 we read the ADA's 2026 diagnosis and prevention sections in full. We also read India's RSSDI-ESI 2020 guideline. We read the ESI 2025 obesity update and the CDSCO expert-committee minutes of April 2022. We took trial numbers from the published papers and from the EU Wegovy and Mounjaro labels.

Where the paper and the label count slightly differently, we say which we used. The EU label gives SURMOUNT-1's 3-year diabetes rate as 1.2% vs 12.6%; the paper gives 1.3% vs 13.3%. We could not open the 3-year SURMOUNT-1 paper in full. So the stopping rates come from the 72-week paper. We could not find the Indian labels for Wegovy or Mounjaro online.

Before you move on

  • Prediabetes is HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%, or fasting sugar 100 to 125 mg/dL, by the ADA's range.
  • It rarely causes symptoms, so a blood test finds it.
  • Guidelines put lifestyle change first and metformin second.
  • GLP‑1 trial gains came with side effects and faded after stopping.
BMI and waist checkPath: type 2 diabetesShould I consider a GLP‑1?

More from the India blog

INIndiaHow much weight do people lose on Ozempic or Mounjaro? What the trials found INIndiaCan Ozempic, Mounjaro and other GLP‑1 medicines cause low blood sugar? INIndiaOrlistat vs GLP‑1 medicines: how do they compare?
About GLP Guidebook

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An independent guide to GLP‑1 medicines. We don't sell medicines, take drug-company money or earn clinic commissions. Once a month: new brands, price changes, approvals and recalls. How we write

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Sources

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  2. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 3. Prevention or delay of diabetes and associated comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S50. Recommendations 3.1, 3.3, 3.7, 3.10. DOI · Full text
  3. Chawla R, Madhu SV, Makkar BM, et al. RSSDI-ESI clinical practice recommendations for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;24(1):1–122. Diagnosis and prevention sections. DOI · Full text
  4. Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, et al. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(7):474–89. Funded by ICMR. DOI · PMID 37301218
  5. Gulf News (IANS/Reuters). India study estimates 11% of population or 101 million is diabetic. 9 June 2023. Link
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  7. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, et al. The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia. 2006;49(2):289–97. DOI · PMID 16391903
  8. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (Knowler WC, et al.). Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393–403. DOI · PMID 11832527
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  11. MedlinePlus (US National Library of Medicine). Acanthosis nigricans. Reviewed 9 April 2026. Link
  12. CDSCO. Recommendations of the Subject Expert Committee (Endocrinology & Metabolism), meeting of 26 and 29 April 2022, item 5 (metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, M/s USV Pvt Ltd, additional indication pre-diabetes). Committee minutes. PDF · Archived copy
  13. Metformin hydrochloride tablets and extended-release tablets, US prescribing information (DailyMed), published 28 September 2026. Boxed warning, highlights, sections 1, 5.2, 6.1 (US label, not the Indian one). Link
  14. European Medicines Agency. Wegovy (semaglutide) product information: summary of product characteristics sections 4.1, 4.6, 5.1, and package leaflet section 4 (EU label, not the Indian one). PDF
  15. European Medicines Agency. Mounjaro (tirzepatide) product information: summary of product characteristics sections 4.1, 4.6, 5.1 (Table 9), and package leaflet section 4 (EU label, not the Indian one). PDF
  16. ThePrint. Wegovy, the global sensation in obesity management, launched in India. 24 June 2025. Quotes Dr Ambrish Mithal, Max Healthcare. Link
  17. Madhu SV, et al. Endocrine Society of India clinical practice recommendations for obesity, 2025 update. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2025;29(4):355–65. Recommendation B.1. DOI · Full text
  18. Perreault L, Davies M, Frias JP, et al. Changes in glucose metabolism and glycemic status with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg among participants with prediabetes in the STEP program. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2396–405. DOI · Full text
  19. McGowan BM, Bruun JM, Capehorn M, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo in people with obesity and prediabetes (STEP 10). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(9):631–42. Funded by Novo Nordisk. DOI · PMID 39089293
  20. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021;384:989–1002. Funded by Novo Nordisk. DOI · PMID 33567185
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  23. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553–64. Section 3.5. DOI · Full text
  24. Novo Nordisk. Wegovy (semaglutide) injection and tablets, US prescribing information, revised June 2026. Boxed warning, sections 4, 5.5 (US label, not the Indian one). PDF
  25. Eli Lilly. Zepbound (tirzepatide) injection, US prescribing information, revised August 2026. Boxed warning, sections 4, 5.3, 7 (US label, not the Indian one). PDF
  26. Press Information Bureau (PIB Research). GLP-1 Drugs: Use, Risks, and Regulation. Government backgrounder, 1 April 2026. PDF
  27. CDSCO. Recommendations of the Subject Expert Committee (Endocrinology & Metabolism): 20–21 April 2023, item 1 (tirzepatide), and 13–14 February 2024, items 3–4 (semaglutide, Novo Nordisk). Committee minutes. April 2023 PDF (archived) · February 2024 PDF (archived)
  28. Business Standard. Novo Nordisk launches Ozempic in India at ₹2,200/week amid patent battles. 12 December 2025. Link
  29. Misra A, Chowbey P, Makkar BM, et al. Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians and recommendations for physical activity, medical and surgical management. J Assoc Physicians India. 2009;57:163–70. PMID 19582986
  30. Dr Lal PathLabs, Metropolis Healthcare and Thyrocare test pages, list prices for HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (Delhi; Thyrocare at its default Mumbai location), checked 5 October 2026 (not linked).
  31. Practo. Listed in-clinic consultation fees for endocrinologists, first results page in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata (59 doctors; median ₹1,100, range ₹300–3,500). Collected 5 October 2026 (our tally).
  32. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1). Section on A1C. DOI · Full text

Last checked 5 Oct 2026 · Next review due 5 Oct 2027 · Report an error

How this post was made. Written by the GLP Guidebook team from the sources above. It's general information, not medical advice. Talk to a qualified doctor before starting, stopping or changing any medicine. How we write